Waste is a by-product of human life. Nowadays, municipal solid waste is being produced in excessive amounts and in this way, both developing and developed countries are facing challenges regarding generation of waste. Economic development, urbanization and improved living standards in cities have contributed to increasing the amount and complexity of solid waste produced. The present study was conducted in the residential area of main Boulevard Gulberg, Lahore to determine the present methods and efficiency of current solid waste management facility and to estimate the WILLINGNESS of the selected households to PAY for the improvement of solid waste management through a questionnaire survey. It was found that current solid waste management system in the area is fair but needs more improvement in terms of improved collection efficiency and rates, recycling bins, and segregation of waste at storage. According to the questionnaire survey, the majority of the respondents despite belonging to middle-class incomes are willing to PAY an amount less than USD 4.8 for the improvement of waste management facility in the area. The area lacks a frequent collection of waste containers. Therefore, there is a need for up gradation of storage and collection facilities in terms of increase in collection efficiency and rates, an introduction of the recycling facility and segregation of waste at source. Waste storage and collection sites of the area should be monitored periodically and waste should be disposed of in a scientific manner in sanitary landfills.

Low gasoline prices in Iran, as well as the high rate of car ownership, have been the main reasons behind increased air pollution, network congestion and other relevant problems in Iranian large cities for a number of years. As it is clear that relevant changes would affect individual mode of life choices and their resulted demand, the effects on the supply side are also noticeable. In this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the "WILLINGNESS to PAY" concept for gasoline prices and to investigate the effect on the fuel demand function. The stated preference data, gathered through a post-back method questionnaire, provided the required data for modeling the "WILLINGNESS to PAY" for gasoline prices for the city of Tehran. A one-stage ordered Probit and a two-stage (binary and ordered) Probit model have been calibrated in an extensive model development process. From the results of the developed models, one can determine the society's WILLINGNESS to bear the new gasoline price. The results of the "WILLINGNESS to PAY" models showed that high levels of education, professional status, age and ownership of expensive car models have positive effects on "WILLINGNESS to PAY". The distance between origin and destination is the major variable that negatively affects a higher fuel price. The results also indicate a rather higher "WILLINGNESS to PAY" in Iran (Tehran) compared with other countries. No significant difference was observed between the one-stage and the two-stage modeling processes.

The main source of government revenue in Iran is revenue from crude oil and its products export. In the Sixth Development Plan bill, the government's emphasis on reducing the dependency of the state budget on oil and increasing the tax share to increase the tax revenue sources. The new government's approach to increasing tax revenues is a change in the taxPAYers’ WILLINGNESS to PAY taxes in the community, which is influenced by several factors. In 1394, Khouzestan province has been able to PAY revenue to the state by acquiring a second-place state (after Tehran) in PAYing taxes. This dramatic increase in tax revenues can depend on a variety of factors, and perhaps the happiness of taxPAYers is one of those factors. Happiness is a factor of influence that has received less attention in previous research, and at the same time it is one of the intrinsic stimuli of individuals that can, along with other factors, affect the tendency to tax them. In this study, using four types of linear regression and ordinary least squares method, the effect of happiness on taxPAYers' interest in Ahvaz private sector (Khuzestan province) is estimated in 1396. The results showed that the effect of happiness on the desire to PAY taxes is statistically significant, but economically, its impact is small but positive.